Seaweed has emerged as a transformative solution to the growing environmental challenges posed by plastic pollution. This versatile marine resource, with its remarkable growth rate of up to one meter per day in optimal conditions and minimal environmental impact, has garnered global attention as a sustainable alternative to conventional plastics. Across the world, innovators and industries are exploring ways to integrate seaweed-based solutions into packaging and other essential products. With a promising market outlook and significant environmental benefits, countries like Bangladesh have a unique opportunity to play a key role in this green revolution while addressing their own economic and environmental needs.
The potential of seaweed to replace fossil fuel-based plastics has inspired groundbreaking innovations in several countries. Researchers at Flinders University in Australia, in collaboration with German biomaterials developer, have developed a seaweed-based grease-resistant coating for fast food packaging. Derived from sodium alginate extracted from brown seaweed, this coating is both biodegradable and recyclable, aligning with the European Union’s strict sustainability goals. Innovations like these demonstrate how seaweed can address the pressing need for environmentally friendly packaging while also contributing to global sustainability initiatives. According to the European Bioplastics Association, global bioplastics production capacity is expected to increase from around 2.2 million tons in 2022 to approximately 6.3 million tons by 2027, with seaweed playing a vital role in this growth.
Private companies are also leading the charge in creating seaweed-based alternatives to plastics. Notpla, for example, is committed to replacing one billion units of plastic by 2030 by producing packaging materials that biodegrade within weeks. Similarly, Sway has developed Thermoplastic Seaweed Resin (TPSea), a fully compostable material that integrates seamlessly into existing manufacturing systems. These advancements have attracted significant investment and partnerships from global brands such as Amazon and Just Eat, which have begun incorporating seaweed-based solutions into their operations. In the Philippines, Denxybel Montinola’s bioplastic innovation, which combines seaweed and mango peels, showcases the potential of leveraging locally abundant resources to create sustainable packaging solutions. Indonesia has also pioneered the use of edible seaweed cups and wrappers, demonstrating the versatility of this resource in combating plastic waste. It is worth noting that Indonesia accounts for over 38% of global seaweed production, contributing significantly to the bioplastics industry’s supply chain.
The current market landscape for seaweed-based plastics reflects a rapidly growing industry with enormous potential. The global seaweed market, valued at USD 16.4 billion in 2020, is projected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8%, reaching an estimated USD 30.2 billion by 2028. While most seaweed is currently used for human consumption, the demand for seaweed-derived polymers in bioplastics and packaging is surging. Consumer awareness is driving this shift, as reflected in surveys showing that 73% of global consumers believe food products should come in sustainable packaging. Additionally, 63% of consumers actively limit their use of single-use plastics, and 59% prioritize purchasing food items with sustainable packaging. Despite this momentum, the industry faces challenges such as high production costs, regulatory hurdles, and the need to scale production. However, ongoing investments and innovations, such as Amazon’s commercial-scale seaweed farm in the Netherlands and the UEFA’s large-scale use of seaweed packaging during finals, suggest a bright future for this burgeoning sector.
The environmental benefits of seaweed-based plastics are substantial. Seaweed cultivation not only absorbs significant amounts of carbon dioxide but also mitigates climate change and supports marine biodiversity. Producing 40 tons of dry seaweed per hectare, for instance, can absorb 20.7 tons of CO₂, equivalent to the emissions of approximately four passenger vehicles driven for a year. Moreover, seaweed farming generates oxygen and acts as a primary producer in marine ecosystems, contributing to overall ecological balance. According to estimates, as much as 75% of the oxygen on Earth is produced by algae, including seaweed. For industries, seaweed provides a renewable and biodegradable material that can replace traditional plastics in applications ranging from food packaging to retail bags. The adoption of seaweed-based bioplastics also has the potential to create new economic opportunities in coastal regions. With increased demand for seaweed farming, farmers can benefit from additional income streams, empowering local communities and boosting regional economies. This “chain industry” effect underscores the socio-economic value of seaweed, particularly in developing nations.
Bangladesh, with its extensive coastline spanning approximately 710 kilometers and favorable climate, is uniquely positioned to become a key player in the seaweed plastic industry. The country already has a burgeoning aquaculture sector and a history of seaweed farming, making it well-suited for this emerging industry. By leveraging its natural resources and fostering innovation, Bangladesh can establish itself as a hub for seaweed-based bioplastic production. The socio-economic benefits of such an endeavor are manifold. Coastal communities, particularly women, can find new livelihood opportunities through seaweed farming. Currently, Bangladesh’s aquaculture sector supports over 1.4 million livelihoods; introducing seaweed farming could significantly expand this figure. This, in turn, can support poverty alleviation and economic development in vulnerable regions. Additionally, adopting seaweed-based solutions can help Bangladesh reduce its reliance on single-use plastics, contributing to global efforts to combat plastic pollution and climate change. With the country generating approximately 3,000 tons of plastic waste daily, of which only 37% is recycled, seaweed plastics offer a pathway to a more sustainable future.
To capitalize on this opportunity, Bangladesh must take several strategic steps. Government support is crucial in providing incentives for seaweed farming and bioplastic manufacturing. Subsidies, tax breaks, and policy frameworks that encourage sustainable practices can create a conducive environment for industry growth. Research and development efforts should be prioritized to develop cost-effective production methods and innovative applications for seaweed-based materials. Collaborations with global innovators and organizations can also accelerate progress and ensure knowledge transfer. Public-private partnerships can play a vital role in driving growth, with local businesses, international investors, and non-governmental organizations working together to build a sustainable industry. For example, establishing partnerships with international players like Notpla or Sway could help Bangladesh integrate into the global supply chain.
Consumer awareness and education are equally important in creating a demand-driven market for seaweed-based plastics. Campaigns highlighting the environmental and economic benefits of these materials can encourage both consumers and industries to adopt sustainable practices. Infrastructure development is another critical area that requires attention. Establishing processing facilities and supply chains for seaweed-derived polymers will enable scalability and ensure the industry’s long-term viability. Furthermore, investing in training programs for coastal communities can enhance productivity and ensure the sustainable cultivation of seaweed.
The global shift toward sustainable packaging presents a golden opportunity for Bangladesh to emerge as a leader in the seaweed plastic industry. By harnessing its natural resources, fostering innovation, and implementing supportive policies, Bangladesh can address pressing environmental challenges while reaping economic and social benefits. The success of global pioneers in seaweed-based plastics underscores the feasibility and potential of this industry. As the world looks for sustainable alternatives to conventional plastics, Bangladesh’s proactive participation in this sector could mark a significant step toward a greener, more prosperous future. By integrating seaweed-based solutions into its economic and environmental strategies, Bangladesh can contribute to solving the global plastic crisis and position itself as a key player in the global sustainability movement.
Author: Golam Rabbani and Farhana Afser Moury
